Four stages, four questions
Which editing stage is your book at?
Each stage asks a different question, usually at a different point in a book’s life. The right combination depends on the manuscript and the work already completed. Line editing and copyediting are sometimes combined, and the written scope says exactly which you’re getting.
STAGE 1Developmental editing
Does the book work as a whole?
Structure, pacing, and the plot or argument.
From an editorial letterThe sale deadline is set up in chapter 2, then not mentioned again until chapter 11. Consider returning to it in chapters 5 to 8 so the pressure on Clara builds.
Best whenYou can still move, cut or rewrite whole sections.
An editorial letter or plan, as agreed in the written scope.
STAGE 2Line editing
Do the sentences sound like you, only clearer?
Rhythm, clarity and voice.
Query on the pageThree consecutive sentences begin with “She.” Could we vary one opening without changing the voice?
Best whenThe structure is settled and the prose still feels uneven.
Edits and queries in the format agreed in the written scope.
STAGE 3Copyediting
Is it consistent and correct?
Grammar, usage, punctuation and consistency.
Query and style sheetChapter 2 gives the orchard as forty acres; chapter 8 says forty-two. Which is right?
Style sheet: record the agreed acreage so it stays consistent across chapters.
Best whenThe language is stable and you want it checked for correctness.
Edits and queries in the format agreed in the written scope.
STAGE 4Proofreading
Is the laid-out page clean?
Typos, punctuation and layout slips on the typeset pages.
Checked on the typeset pagesp. 112: running head reads “Chapter Tree.” Change to “Chapter Three.”
p. 113: one line of the paragraph is stranded at the top of the page. Flag for layout.
Best whenThe book has been laid out and you want one last careful check.
Marked corrections, as agreed in the written scope.
Not sure which stage you’re at? That’s the usual place to start. Tell us about your book and we’ll help you work it out.